Conditions For Seed Germination


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Conditions For Seed Germination

Germination is the process of seeds developing into new plants. First, environmental conditions must trigger the seed to grow. Usually, this is determined by how deep the seed is planted, water availability, and temperature. When water is plentiful, the seed fills with water . The water activates special proteins, called enzymes, that begin the process of seed growth. First the seed grows a root to access water underground. Next, the shoots, or growth above ground, begin to appear.

Various external and internal factors influence seed germination. Internal factors can be seed viability, dormancy, enzymes, maturity of embryo, etc. On the other hand, external factors can be water, light, oxygen temperature, etc.

External factors :

  • Water : The poor or additional supply of water affects seed germination. It helps by providing necessary hydration for the vital activities of protoplasm, provides dissolved oxygen for the growing embryo, softens the seed coats and increases the seed permeability.  Hence, water is one of the vital components of germination of seed.
  • Temperature :  For a seed to germinate, it requires a moderate temperature of around 25-30°C.. Increase and decrease temperatures results in change in the different processes of plants like photosynthesis, transpiration etc.
  • Oxygen : Germinating seeds require good amount of oxygen to respire. Any change in the availability of the oxygen can result in non germination of seeds.
  • But it has also been seen that  low temperature promotes fugal growth and temperature above the moderate level do not favour germination of seed.
  • Internal factors :

  • Seed dormancy : This condition of seed do not allow germination even in presence of favourable conditions. These conditions are a complex combination of water, light, temperature, gasses, mechanical restrictions and seed coats.
  • Seed viability : 
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